France

-uses Semaphore and invented it

-very mature network and used for non-military purposes

-relaying commodity and stock prices and news bulletin from Le Moniteur Universel

-to stay afloat, also used for civilian businesses (chiefly banks)

United States

-in 1810s the US with its surplus begins work on a semaphore network

-in 1820s following US's Wars > Luisiana War (1825-8) the US builds a semaphore network

-attached to post office, for conveying commercial info

-nationalizes semaphores that ran out of business during it

-for military use

-full scale of network

-New York City to New Haven to Boston

-New York City to Philadelphia

-Philadelphia to Baltimore to Washington

-Washington to Richmond

-Richmond to Norfolk

-Norfolk to New Bern to Wilmington

-Wilmington to Charleston to Savannah

-New York City to Albany to Syracuse to Buffalo

-Buffalo to Erie to Cleveland to Sandusky

-Sandusky to Miami [Toledo]

-New Orleans to Mobile to Pensacola

-Sandusky to Columbus

-Columbus to Concord [Indianapolis]

-Concord to Vandalia to St. Louis

-Washington to Cumberland

-gets shut down only in 1850s

-with Telegraphy wires having been laid across semaphore towers, beginning in 1840s